Transmigrants Fueling Economies with Cross-Border Car Trade

The Journey of Central American Transmigrants

Central American transmigrants fly to the United States with a unique mission. They are not looking to migrate permanently but to purchase used cars from American scrapyards. These drivers run a cross-border circuit, bringing salvaged vehicles back to their home countries, revitalizing disregarded cars, and boosting the local economy.

A Unique Business Model

Julio César Pisquiy Nimatuj began driving at 12 and has since turned it into a profession. Now 44, Mr. Pisquiy buys cars at auctions in the United States and transports them to Otay Mesa near San Diego. From there, he drives them back to Guatemala for resale. His travels, which occur 10 to 15 times annually, yield about $2,000 per trip.

Before each trip, Mr. Pisquiy carefully plans his luggage. His first-class airline ticket allows him to carry 73 pounds, primarily consisting of essential tools like wrenches, a tow bar, and an impact gun. The remainder of this space is allocated for general goods.

Challenges and Risks on the Road

Car conditions often differ from their online descriptions, leading to unforeseen repairs. Mr. Pisquiy personally handles these repairs to ensure the cars endure the 2,000-mile journey. The entire trip can take up to 20 days.

Mr. Pisquiy also transports gifts and supplies, coordinated with customers via WhatsApp. He identifies as a transmigrant, a profession he finds more profitable than his body shop and optometrist clinics. Transmigrants, with their transit visas, turn vehicles deemed worthless in the U.S. into valuable commodities, offering a vital economic alternative to many in Guatemala, where 55% live in poverty.

The Risks of Transmigration

Transmigrants face considerable challenges. In Mexico, their journey is restricted to two specific routes, and they must reach Guatemala within nine days. The road is fraught with threats, including theft and extortion. For each trip, Mr. Pisquiy budgets approximately $2,000, covering air travel, car parts, food, permits, and even extortion fees.

Teamwork among drivers is crucial for safety and support. Mr. Pisquiy relies on a network of favorite hotels and restaurants to provide rest during his 14-hour driving days.

A Personal Journey

Acquiring the necessary legal permission to enter the United States required Mr. Pisquiy two years and various documents, ensuring his intentions were solely for commerce.

His family at home, comprising his wife Any and their three children, await his return from each journey. Despite the dangers, experience lends him confidence, though it also instills caution. “I have more experience, and that makes me more cautious, even with my schedule,” Mr. Pisquiy shared.