Invasive Mold Infections: An Increasing Health Concern in U.S. Hospitals

A pioneering study in the United States highlights the underestimated threat of invasive mold infections. Conducted in Atlanta-area hospitals, the research uncovered approximately 450 cases over five years, with about one-third resulting in patient fatalities. The findings were published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Dr. Jeremy Gold, senior author of the study, emphasized this is the first time such an estimate has been made, which is vital given the potential increase in cases. Natural disasters like hurricanes and floods, exacerbated by climate change, pose recurring mold exposure risks. Dr. Jeffrey Jenks from Duke University supports this perspective, noting the likelihood of increased fungal infections due to climate change. Additionally, a rising older population, prone to such infections, heightens the concern.

Invasive mold diseases result from certain mold species, often entering the body through inhalation or through wounds and contaminated medical equipment. Although many people do not experience health issues from mold spores, they can be life-threatening for the elderly, cancer patients, and those with compromised immune systems.

Previously, the CDC estimated over 15,000 annual hospitalizations could be linked to invasive mold diseases. The recent study aimed to localize this data by collaborating with four hospitals and outpatient clinics in the Atlanta area, covering the years 2020 to 2024. Initially identifying nearly 1,000 potential cases, the researchers narrowed it down to approximately 450 confirmed cases, determining that hospitals should expect 3 to 5 cases for every 100 inpatient beds annually. Higher rates were found in larger academic hospitals due to more complicated illnesses.

Most affected patients had compromised immune systems or had weakened health post-COVID-19. Though mold exposures can occur within healthcare settings, the study did not trace the initial exposure points, explained Dr. Gold. While the findings provide a rough estimate for hospital administrators, Dr. Gold cautioned against generalizing Atlanta’s data to the entire country. Similar studies nationwide would be beneficial, as suggested by Dr. Jenks.

The Associated Press Health and Science Department reports with backing from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, while maintaining editorial independence and responsibility for the content.