China’s Strategic Focus on 3D Printing

China Decoded Newsletter

Newsweek’s China Decoded newsletter offers an in-depth look at China’s influence, analyzing Beijing’s policies and their global implications. A team of experienced journalists, including Didi Kirsten Tatlow and John Feng, provides detailed reports on the matter.

Printing the Future

China’s economic planners employ a strategic approach to new technologies. They support initiatives like 3D printing, or additive manufacturing (AM), with subsidies and industrial support, integrating them into military-civil fusion systems. Cybersecurity capabilities further enhance their competitive edge.

3D printing produces physical items by layering materials based on digital models. The technology proves valuable in urgent situations, such as defense and disaster response. A recent study by David Gardáš, Michal Thim, and Filip Urban warns of the risks involved with China’s dominance in this sector.

China’s dominance in 3D printing presents economic and national security concerns globally.

China’s strategy includes robust policy planning and implementation, ensuring product competitiveness. They invest heavily in industrial policies, directing 4.4% of GDP towards these initiatives, three times that of any other economy, according to IMF figures.

Impact on Global Markets

China’s AM industry has expanded significantly, encompassing desktop printers and high-performance industrial systems. Companies like Bambu Lab, Xi’an Bright Laser Technologies, and Farsoon Technologies are notable players, alongside the defense conglomerate Norinco Group.

The defense sector benefits notably from AM. During the conflict in Ukraine, rapid production of drones and components highlighted AM’s potential. The authors caution against intellectual property risks and security issues as China builds a comprehensive ecosystem for long-term dominance.

Recommendations for Global Response

The study offers actionable strategies:

• Classify AM systems as sensitive technology.
• Implement targeted export controls and procurement safeguards.
• Coordinate with allies to ensure effective technology-security measures.
• Invest in competitive innovation ecosystems to maintain industrial know-how.

China’s AM Industry in Numbers

In January, China’s AM industry was valued at approximately $10.5 billion. Leading companies shipped around 40% of all AM devices last year and dominate the consumer sector. China pursues leadership in the next industrial revolution.

Despite leading in output, China’s industry trails the U.S. in value. The global AM market, valued at $30.6 billion in 2025, is projected to grow substantially, with Asia-Pacific as the fastest-growing market.

Researchers categorize 3D printing equipment into four tiers, with the highest value found in the final tier involving medical and aerospace applications. American firms lead in revenue share, with China poised to expand into high-value sectors.